{"id":846,"date":"2019-08-30T10:27:51","date_gmt":"2019-08-30T10:27:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indwe.co.za\/indwe-blog\/?p=846"},"modified":"2019-08-30T13:23:22","modified_gmt":"2019-08-30T13:23:22","slug":"fundamental-stock-market-terminology-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.indwe.co.za\/indwe-blog\/fundamental-stock-market-terminology-know\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundamental stock market terminology you should know"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Stock market analysts often use both fundamental and technical analyses in their research. As do we at <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/2X6Glom\">EasyEquities<\/a>, before condensing and simplifying what we present to you, our loyal audience. However, some of the terms can still be convoluted, and especially so for new investors. That\u2019s why we\u2019re taking a closer at fundamental analysis and the terms used in this <a href=\"http:\/\/bit.ly\/2X6Glom\">investment<\/a> discipline.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is Fundamental Analysis?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This is a method used by analysts to determine the intrinsic value of a company, by examining the state of the economy and industry as a whole (macroeconomic), as well as a company\u2019s financial statements and management\u2019s efficacy (microeconomics). The main aim in understanding the intrinsic value is for an investor to compare it to the share\u2019s current price, and evaluate whether a stock is under or overvalued.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>If the intrinsic value is higher than the current market price, the stock is deemed to be undervalued. That\u2019s when analysts recommend for a stock to be bought (aka, \u201cbuy recommendation\u201d). If the intrinsic value is lower than its market price, the stock is considered overvalued and a sell recommendation is issued.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Still curious about the terms used by fundamental analysts? Below are some of the terms used within our research notes. Remember, these concepts have been expressed in layman\u2019s terms:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>EPS (Earnings Per Share)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This is every analyst\u2019s favourite. Earnings per share serves as an indicator of a company\u2019s profitability. This would be the portion of a company\u2019s after-tax profit (or loss), allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. EPS is calculated as: EPS = (Net Income &#8211; Dividends on Preferred Stock) \/ Average Outstanding Shares. Earnings Per Share is also a major component used to calculate the price-to-earnings (P\/E) valuation ratio, where the \u201cE\u201d in P\/E refers to EPS. Which brings us to&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\/E Ratio (Price to Earnings Ratio)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>There are many ways and techniques investors use to select stocks, but the Price to Earnings ratio (P\/E) is probably one of the most popular stock selection tools used today. Usually, a stock with a high P\/E ratio can indicate higher growth prospects but is not necessarily a better investment than one with a lower P\/E ratio. However, a stock with a high P\/E ratio can indicate that the stock is being overvalued and may be sold off by investors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dividend Yield<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Dividend Yield is also a ratio and is the ratio of a company\u2019s annual dividend compared to its share price. It is expressed as a percentage, where we divide dividends paid in a one-year\u2019s period per share by the value of a share.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Outstanding Shares (or Shares Outstanding)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Shares outstanding refers to a company\u2019s stock currently held by all its shareholders, including share blocks held by institutional investors and restricted shares owned by the company\u2019s officers and insiders.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Market Capitalisation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Market capitalisation refers to the total market value of a company\u2019s outstanding shares. Commonly known as \u201cmarket cap\u201d. It is calculated by multiplying a company\u2019s shares outstanding by the current market price of one share. The fundamental analysts use this figure to determine a company\u2019s size, as opposed to using sales or total asset figures.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Return on Equity (RoE)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Divide the company\u2019s net income by shareholders\u2019 equity to find its return on equity. You might also hear this expressed as the company\u2019s return on net worth.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation, and Amortisation)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Analysts calculate this metric to measure the underlying operating performance of a company, excluding the effects of financing, asset investment, taxes, and abnormal items. So, in short EBITDA indicates a company\u2019s financial performance and is a close approximation for earnings potential. The only drawback is that EBITDA strips out the cost of debt capital and its tax effect by adding back interest and taxes to earnings.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>DCF (Discounted Cash Flow)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Discounted cash flow is a proven valuation technique that takes estimated future cash flows and discounts these cash flows, using the cost of capital appropriate to the company in question. This brings us the present value. The present value estimate is then used to evaluate the potential for investment.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Professional Designations Associated With Fundamental Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>If you are new to investing and you have no idea how to read a financial statement and would rather want to follow the opinion of a fundamental analyst, make sure that they hold a professional designation. The most recognisable (for fundamental analysis) is the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation. And more recently, the Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst (CAIA).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources \u2013 Investopedia, CFA Institute, the balance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Disclaimer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Indwe Risk Services is a business partner of EasyEquities. EasyEquities is a product of First World Trader (Pty) Ltd t\/a EasyEquities which is an authorised Financial Services Provider (FSP number 22588). The EasyEquities platform enables users to invest in securities which includes whole shares and fractional share rights (FSRs). If you are interested in EasyEquities or need more information, please visit: www.easyequities.co.za or to view the EasyEquities terms and conditions, click here:<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.easyequities.co.za\/EasyEquities_Terms&amp;Conditions.pdf\">https:\/\/resources.easyequities.co.za\/EasyEquities_Terms&amp;Conditions.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Was this helpful?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stratitude.co.za\/Apps\/app.Indwe.votes\/process.php?vote=Yes&amp;source=Blog&amp;user=unknown&amp;article=https:\/\/www.indwe.co.za\/indwe-blog\/fundamental-stock-market-terminology-know\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.indwe.co.za\/indwe-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/up.jpg\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stratitude.co.za\/Apps\/app.Phela.votes\/process.php?vote=No&amp;source=Blog&amp;user=unknown&amp;article=https:\/\/www.indwe.co.za\/indwe-blog\/fundamental-stock-market-terminology-know\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.indwe.co.za\/indwe-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/down.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stock market analysts often use both fundamental and technical analyses in their research. As do we at EasyEquities, before condensing and simplifying what we present to you, our loyal audience. However, some of the terms can still be convoluted, and especially so for new investors. That\u2019s why we\u2019re taking a closer at fundamental analysis and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":847,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fundamental stock market terminology you should know -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.indwe.co.za\/indwe-blog\/fundamental-stock-market-terminology-know\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fundamental stock market terminology you should know -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Stock market analysts often use both fundamental and technical analyses in their research. As do we at EasyEquities, before condensing and simplifying what we present to you, our loyal audience. However, some of the terms can still be convoluted, and especially so for new investors. 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